Earth surface processes refer to the various physical, chemical, and biological processes that shape and modify the Earth's surface over time. These processes include weathering, erosion, deposition, sediment transport, and landscape evolution. Earth surface processes are influenced by factors such as climate, geology, topography, and human activities. Researchers in this field study how these processes interact and impact the Earth's surface features, including mountains, valleys, rivers, coastlines, and landscapes. They also investigate the effects of environmental changes, such as climate change and land use practices, on Earth surface processes and landforms. The goal of this research area is to improve our understanding of how Earth's surface evolves and to develop tools and strategies for mitigating the impacts of natural hazards such as landslides, floods, and soil erosion.